What is the initial reaction of a person in the surprise stage of drowning?

In the surprise stage of drowning, the person's initial reaction typically involves panic, struggling, and breath holding. This response is a natural instinct when someone unexpectedly finds themselves in a life-threatening situation, such as suddenly going underwater. The shock of being submerged can trigger an automatic fight-or-flight response, leading to frantic movements in an attempt to stay above water and catch their breath.

During this stage, the individual may not have the clarity or composure to assess their situation rationally or to call for help. Instead, the instinctive reaction is often to struggle against the water, which can exacerbate their danger by making it more difficult to stay afloat. Understanding this response is crucial for lifeguards and first responders, as it highlights the urgency of the situation and the importance of immediate intervention to prevent a drowning incident from becoming fatal.